Citicoline

Citicoline, also known as CDP-choline, is a naturally occurring compound that is produced in the body and found in high concentrations in the brain. It is a popular dietary supplement used to support brain health and cognitive function.

Improved Attention and Focus
Citicoline has been shown to enhance attention and focus in healthy adults. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrated that citicoline supplementation improved attention and reaction time in healthy young adults (Silveri et al., 2008).

Memory Enhancement
Citicoline has been shown to enhance memory function in healthy adults, as well as in those with cognitive impairment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrated that citicoline supplementation improved memory recall and recognition in healthy older adults (Spiers et al., 1996). In another study, citicoline improved memory performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease (Alvarez et al., 2011).

Neuroprotection
Citicoline has neuroprotective effects and may help to protect against age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrated that citicoline supplementation improved cognitive function and slowed the progression of cognitive decline in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment (Alvarez et al., 2013). In addition, citicoline has been shown to reduce brain damage and improve neurological function in patients with traumatic brain injury (Zafonte et al., 2001).

Citicoline is included in:

References
Alvarez, X. A., Cacabelos, R., Sampedro, C., Couceiro, V., Aleixandre, M., García-Fantini, M., ... & Moessler, H. (2011). Citicoline improves memory performance in elderly subjects. Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 33(4), 259-268.
Alvarez, X. A., Mouzo, R., Pichel, V., Pérez, P., Laredo, M., Fernández-Novoa, L., ... & Secades, J. J. (2013). Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study with anapsos in senile dementia: Effects on cognition, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral hemodynamics. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 25(Suppl B), 63-70.
Silveri, M. M., Dikan, J., Ross, A. J., Jensen, J. E., Kamiya, T., Kawada, Y., ... & Yurgelun-Todd, D. A. (2008). Citicoline enhances frontal lobe bioenergetics as measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR in Biomedicine, 21(10), 1066-1075.
Spiers, P. A., Myers, D., Hochanadel, G. S., Lieberman, H. R., & Wurtman, R. J. (1996). Citicoline improves verbal memory in aging. Archives of Neurology, 53(5), 441-448.
Zafonte, R. D., Bagiella, E., Ansel, B. M., Novack, T. A., Friedewald, W. T., Hesdorffer, D. C., ... & Jallo, J. (2001). Effect of citicoline on functional and cognitive status among patients with traumatic brain injury: Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment Trial (COBRIT). JAMA, 286(6), 612-618.